Indulgences

1. Utjwala

   Alcohol

   Usage

   The general word for alcohol, used to decline a drink or ask if alcohol is served

   Grammar Note

   Spelled with tj in Southern Ndebele, unlike Zulu utshwala

2. Utjwala besikhuwa

   Liquor (commercially sold alcohol)

   Usage

   The umbrella term for alcohol sold in shops, heard in talk of liquor licences

   Grammar Note

   Covers beer, wine and spirits (amaspiridi). Traditional beer is utjwala besintu

3. Utjwala besintu

   Traditional beer

   Usage

   The way to refer to alcohol brewed in the traditional manner

   Grammar Note

   "Besintu" is "of tradition". It is also called utjwala bendabuko. This is a general term, not a brand name

4. Ibhiya

   Beer

   Usage

   Used to ask for or refuse a beer

   Grammar Note

   A loanword from English beer

5. Igwayi

   Tobacco

   Usage

   The word for tobacco in general, for talking about smoking

   Grammar Note

   It also appears in the form ligwayi

6. Isegerede

   Cigarette

   Usage

   Used to refuse a cigarette or to buy a packet

   Grammar Note

   A loanword from English cigarette. To smoke is ukubhema

7. Angibhemi.

   I don't smoke.

   Usage

   Used when offered a cigarette, or when choosing a non-smoking seat

   Grammar Note

   The negative present of ukubhema (to smoke). Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended

8. Angiseli utjwala.

   I don't drink alcohol.

   Usage

   Used to decline when offered a drink

   Grammar Note

   The negative present of ukusela (to drink) followed by utjwala (alcohol). Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended

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